Currently, over 20 million metric tons (22 millions tons) of Fly Ash are used annually in a variety of engineering applications. Typical highway engineering applications include: portland cement concrete (PPC) soil and road base stabilization, grouts, structural fill and asphalt filler.
Fly Ash is most commonly used as a pozzolan in PPC applications. Pozzolans are siliceous or siliceous and aluminous materials, which in a finely divided form and in the presence of water, react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to produce cementitious compounds.
Fly ash utilization, especially in concrete, has significant environmental benefits including: (1) increasing of concrete roads and structures by improving concrete durability, (2) net reduction in energy use and greenhouse gas and other adverse air emissions when Fly Ash is used to replace or displace manufactured cement, (3) reduction in amount of coal combustion products that must be disposed in landfills, and (4) conservation of other natural resources and materials.
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